柱头上的公牛头 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	柱头上的公牛头
品名（英）	Bull's head from column capital
入馆年号	1947年，47.100.83
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 500 - 公元前 400
创作地区	来自于: （From: ）
分类
尺寸	19 1/8 × 11 7/16 × 15 3/4 英寸 (48.5 × 29 × 40 厘米)
介绍（中）	阿契美尼德时期的不朽艺术和建筑最好的例证是波斯波利斯遗址，这是帝国的大型礼仪首都，最初由大流士一世（公元前521年至486年在位）建造，并由他的继任者扩建。波斯波利斯位于伊朗西南部法尔斯省设拉子西北30英里处。在那里，像"百柱大厅"和"大流士和薛西斯的王座室"这样的建筑展示了阿契美尼德宫殿建筑的特点——大型方形房间，天花板由许多柱子支撑。王座室中的一些柱子已经重建，高超过六十五英尺柱头上装饰着圆形雕刻的公牛、狮子和狮鹫的前肢。这个物体是标准牛头的一个典型例子。这些雕塑通常由这些生物的前肢组成，为它们所支撑的木梁提供坚实的支撑。这种类型的建筑装饰似乎完全是阿契美尼德的作品，但这座雕塑在伊斯兰早期被重新用于波斯波利斯附近伊斯塔克尔的一座清真寺。中世纪地理学家穆卡达西准确地提到，在十世纪，伊斯塔克尔清真寺有"柱子，上面有奶牛"
介绍（英）	The monumental art and architecture of the Achaemenid period are best exemplified by the ruins of Persepolis, the large ceremonial capital of the empire originally built by Darius I (r. 521–486 B.C.) and expanded by his successors. Persepolis is located thirty miles northwest of Shiraz in the southwest Iranian province of Fars. There, structures like the "Hall of One Hundred Columns" and the "Throne Room of Darius and Xerxes" exhibit features characteristic of Achaemenid palace architecture—large square rooms, with ceilings supported by many columns. Some of the columns in the Throne Room have been reconstructed and stand more than sixty-five feet high. The column capitals were decorated with the foreparts of bulls, lions, and griffins carved in the round. This object being a prime example of a standard bull's head. The sculptures often consisted of the addorsed foreparts of such creatures to form a solid support for the wooden beams they held. This type of architectural decoration appears to be an entirely Achaemenid creation but this sculpture was reused during the early Islamic period in a building identified as a mosque at Istakhr, near Persepolis. The Medieval geographer Muqadassi mentions exactly that in the tenth century the Istakhr mosque has "columns, with cows on them."