帕祖祖头像吊坠 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	帕祖祖头像吊坠
品名（英）	Pendant with the head of Pazuzu
入馆年号	1993年，1993.181
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 800 - 公元前 600
创作地区
分类
尺寸	1 11/16 × 1 1/16 × 1 1/16 英寸 (4.3 × 2.65 × 2.65 厘米)
介绍（中）	虽然个头很小，但这头和脖子用青铜铸造，很快就可以辨认出是来自古代美索不达米亚的凶猛恶魔。凸出的眼睛、球状的前额突起，以及环绕着咆哮的张开的嘴的短胡须，加上不协调的细颈，这些都是邪恶风魔之王帕祖祖的明显特征。帕祖祖与从与伊朗接壤的扎格罗斯山脉吹到现在的伊拉克的冷风有关，人们认为这会带来疾病。虽然他本身不是一个仁慈的人物，但他可以用来转移拉马什图这个强大而暴力的恶魔的危险注意力。博物馆中展示的一块牌匾被用作对抗拉马什图的护身符，并将她描绘成一个结合了人类和动物特征的恶魔（1984.348）。当佩戴一个类似于项链上的头部的吊坠时，悬挂环的方向将确保恶魔的视线指向外部。因此，佩戴者可以将恶魔的脸对准她或他在日常生活中面临的任何危险 Pazuzu出现在许多其他牌匾和护身符上，既有翅膀和蝎子尾巴的完整形象，也有像这个吊坠这样的缩写形式。帕祖祖最早的形象可以追溯到公元前八世纪晚期，在美索不达米亚的恶魔形象历史上相对较晚。这是一个时期，亚述王室政府非常专注于收集魔法知识和研究超自然世界，牧师和驱魔师积极参与编纂这些知识体系。因此，这一时期来自亚述的各种各样的魔法图像和文本在物质记录中得以保存。
介绍（英）	Although small, this head and neck cast in bronze is immediately recognizable as a ferocious demonic creature from ancient Mesopotamia. The bulging eyes, bulbous forehead protrusions, and short beard that rings the snarling open mouth, atop an incongruously thin neck, are unmistakable features of Pazuzu, the king of evil wind demons. Pazuzu was associated with the cold winds that blew into present-day Iraq from the Zagros Mountains on the border with Iran, which were thought to bring illness. While not a benevolent figure on his own, he could be used to deflect the dangerous attentions of Lamashtu, a powerful and violent demon. A plaque displayed in the museum was used as an amulet against Lamashtu, and depicts her as a demon combining human and animal features (1984.348). When wearing a pendant like this head threaded on a necklace, the orientation of the suspension loop would ensure that the demon’s gaze was directed outward. The wearer could thus aim the demon’s countenance at whatever dangers she or he faced in the course of daily life. Pazuzu appears on many other plaques and amulets, both as a complete figure with wings and scorpion tail, as well as in abbreviated form like this pendant. The earliest image of Pazuzu dates to the late eighth century B.C., relatively late in the history of demonic imagery in Mesopotamia. This was a period when the Assyrian royal administration was intensely focused on collecting magical knowledge and studying the supernatural world, and priests and exorcists were actively engaged in codifying these systems of knowledge. As a result, a rich variety of magical images and texts from Assyria in this period have survived in the material record.