带有塞浦路斯、罗马、君士坦丁堡和亚历山大雕像的酒杯 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	带有塞浦路斯、罗马、君士坦丁堡和亚历山大雕像的酒杯
品名（英）	Goblet with Personifications of Cyprus, Rome, Constantinople, and Alexandria
入馆年号	1917年，17.190.1710
策展部门	中世纪艺术（Medieval Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 700 - 公元 799
创作地区
分类	金属制品金（Metalwork-Gold）
尺寸	6 5/8 × 4 13/16 × 5 1/16 英寸, 13.536 Troy Ounces (16.8 × 12.2 × 12.9 厘米, 421g)
介绍（中）	这只高脚杯上装饰着拜占庭世界四大教会中心的女性化身。字迹笨拙的鉴定表明，这只高脚杯是阿瓦尔试图模仿拜占庭圣杯的 Avars Avars是欧亚大草原上的一个游牧部落，由骑马的战士组成。拜占庭皇帝查士丁尼在六世纪与他们谈判，以保护帝国沿黑海的北部边界。在征服众多部落的鼓舞下，他们试图夺取帝国首都君士坦丁堡，但没有成功。他们一直是拜占庭和西方王国的祸害，直到查理曼大帝在790年代和800年代初的一系列战役中击败了他们艾瓦尔家族多年来积累的所有金钱和财富都被没收了，弗兰克家族从未参与过任何战争。给他们带来了这样的财富和战利品。到那时为止，艾瓦尔人还被认为是穷人，但却发现了如此多的金银。人们很可能会认为，法兰克人从阿瓦尔人那里公正地夺走了阿瓦尔人以前从其他国家不公正地夺走的东西 -埃因哈德（约770–840），法兰克统治者查理曼的传记作者，800年代初弗拉普宝藏拜占庭帝国的贡品和战利品为阿瓦尔人提供了大量的金银。阿瓦尔金匠们创造了质量极高的作品，并被视为阿瓦尔的统治阶级。这些物品都是在今天的阿尔巴尼亚的弗拉普发现的，似乎证明了阿瓦尔人的财富。为什么这个不同的群体被聚集在一起仍然是个谜。一些学者认为，这些物品是属于阿瓦尔酋长的宝藏的一部分；其他人猜测它们是一位Avar艺术家的作品。其他人则质疑是否是阿瓦尔金属匠制造的，并断言这些物品是拜占庭省级艺术家的作品。
介绍（英）	This goblet is decorated with female personifications of four major ecclesiastical centers in the Byzantine world. The awkwardly written identifications suggest that this goblet was an Avar attempt to imitate a Byzantine chalice. The Avars The Avars were a nomadic tribe of mounted warriors from the Eurasian steppe. The Byzantine emperor Justinian negotiated with them in the sixth century to protect the Empire’s northern border along the Black Sea. Emboldened by their subjugation of numerous tribes, they unsuccessfully attempted to seize the Empire’s capital, Constantinople. They remained a scourge of both Byzantium and the Western kingdoms until Charlemagne defeated them through a series of campaigns in the 790s and early 800s. All the money and treasure that the Avars had been years amassing was seized, and no war in which the Franks have ever engaged . . . brought them such riches and such booty. Up to that time the Avars had passed for a poor people, but so much gold and silver was found . . . that one may well think that the Franks took justly from the Avars what the Avars had formerly taken unjustly from other nations. — Einhard (ca. 770–840), biographer of the Frankish ruler Charlemagne, early 800s The Vrap Treasure Tribute payments from the Byzantine Empire and war booty provided the Avars with enormous amounts of gold and silver. Avar goldsmiths created work of exceptionally high quality and were counted among the Avars’ ruling class. This ensemble of objects, all found together in Vrap, in present-day Albania, would seem to attest to the wealth of the Avars. Why this varied group was brought together remains a mystery. Some scholars have suggested that these objects were part of a treasure belonging to an Avar chief; others have speculated that they were the materials of an Avar artist. Others question whether an Avar metalsmith made them at all and assert these objects to be the products of a provincial Byzantine artist.