骆驼 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	骆驼
品名（英）	Camel
入馆年号	1961年，61.219
策展部门	修道院（The Cloisters）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1100 - 公元 1150
创作地区	制造于: 西班牙, 卡斯蒂利亚-莱昂（Made in: Spain, Castile-León）
分类	壁画（Paintings-Fresco）
尺寸	整体: 97 x 53 1/2 英寸 (246.4 x 135.9 厘米)
介绍（中）	圣波德利奥·德·贝兰加修道院教堂建于11世纪末，位于中世纪伊比利亚基督教和穆斯林统治地区之间的边界。十二世纪初，一个画家工作室用壁画覆盖了教堂的墙壁，包括这幅单峰骆驼（单峰骆驼）的图像，最初是一组动物和狩猎场景的一部分。这幅画的灵感可能来自一只真正的骆驼。虽然骆驼不是伊比利亚半岛的土著，但在中世纪，骆驼从北非被带到了穆斯林统治的土地上。画家的风格促使这只单峰骆驼的形状变得扁平和夸张，但它的整体形状和比例与实物相对接近。在教堂里，这种动物可能具有特定的基督教象征价值。根据圣奥古斯丁的说法，骆驼代表着谦逊——这种生物深深下垂的脖子暗示了这一美德圣波德利奥画家的灵感来自许多不同的地中海艺术传统，这些传统往往以进口奢侈品的形式（或者更准确地说，是他们富有的赞助人）降临到他们身上。骆驼上方生物居住的这对圆形框架模仿了伊斯兰伊比利亚和拜占庭丝绸纺织品的圆形框架。
介绍（英）	The monastery church of San Baudelio de Berlanga was built in the late eleventh century along the frontier between medieval Iberia’s Christian- and Muslim-ruled territories. In the early twelfth century a workshop of painters covered the church’s walls with frescoes, including this image of a one-hump camel (a dromedary), originally part of a group of animal and hunting scenes. This painting could have been inspired by an actual camel. Though not indigenous to the Iberian Peninsula, during the Middle Ages camels were brought to its Muslim-ruled lands from North Africa. The painters’ style prompted the flattening and exaggeration of this dromedary’s form, but its overall shape and proportions are relatively close to the real thing. Inside the church, the animal could have taken on specifically Christian symbolic value. According to Saint Augustine, the camel represented humility—a virtue suggested by this creature’s deeply dipping neck. The San Baudelio painters took inspiration from many different Mediterranean artistic traditions, which often came to them (or, more accurately, to their wealthy patrons) in the form of imported luxury objects. The pair of circular frames inhabited by creatures above the camel mimic the framing roundels that popularly decorated silk textiles from Islamic Iberia and Byzantium.