圣甲虫与巴力的象征 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	圣甲虫与巴力的象征
品名（英）	Scarab with Representation of Baal
入馆年号	1909年，09.180.1070
策展部门	埃及艺术（Egyptian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元前 1300 - 公元前 1070
创作地区	来自于: 埃及（From: Egypt）
分类
尺寸	长 2 × 宽 1.5 × 高 0.9 厘米 (13/16 × 9/16 × 3/8 英寸)
介绍（中）	圣甲虫的下侧是一个面朝右的站立男性，戴着一顶高高的圆锥形头饰，后面有一条长长的飘带，前面有突出的角。他手持埃及权杖，权杖是神或王室人物所拥有权力的象征。在他面前坐着埃及真理与正义女神玛特的雕像，通过她头上的鸵鸟羽毛可以辨认出来。尽管形状相似，但这名男子的头饰不应被误认为是法老佩戴的埃及白冠或双冠；它是黎凡特风暴神巴尔的头饰。对巴尔的描绘出现在中王国末期的埃及，但他的形象在新王国的埃及艺术中更为普遍，并在拉美西斯时期达到顶峰，当时几个黎凡特神在埃及变得重要。这在一定程度上归因于这样一个事实，即这些神中的某些神（如巴尔和雷舍）具有军事特征，这吸引了新王国法老的军事愿望。玛特雕像的出现和切口的样式表明，这个例子可以追溯到拉美西斯时期（王朝19–20，约公元前1295–1070年）。
介绍（英）	The underside of the scarab shows a standing male figure facing right, wearing a high conical headdress with a long streamer at the back and horns protruding from the front. He holds the Egyptian was-scepter, a symbol of power held by deities or royal figures. In front of him sits a figure of Maat, the Egyptian goddess of truth and justice, identified by the ostrich feather on her head. Even though similar in shape, the man’s headdress should not be mistaken for an Egyptian White or Double Crown worn by the pharaoh; it is the headdress of the Levantine storm god Baal. Depictions of Baal appear in Egypt around the end of the Middle Kingdom, but his image is more prevalent in Egyptian art of the New Kingdom and reaching a peak in the Ramesside period, when several Levantine gods became important in Egypt. This is partially attributed to the fact that certain of these deities (such as Baal and Resheph) have martial traits, which appealed to the New Kingdom pharaohs’ military aspirations. The presence of the figure of Maat and the style in which the incisions are made indicate that this example dates to the Ramesside period (Dynasty 19–20, ca. 1295–1070 B.C.).