耳塞 - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	耳塞
品名（英）	Earspoon
入馆年号	1932年，32.150.197
策展部门	古代近东艺术（Ancient Near Eastern Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 200 - 公元 699
创作地区
分类
尺寸	0.5 x 4.5 英寸 (1.27 x 11.43 厘米)
介绍（中）	这个小耳勺由青铜制成，有一个细柄。除了碗附近的一个球茎两侧有两个小圆环外，它没有装饰。它是在Ctesiphon地区的Taq-i Kisra浴场发掘的 Ctesiphon市位于底格里斯河东岸，距离现代伊拉克巴格达以南20英里（32公里）。它作为帕提亚人和萨萨尼亚人的首都繁荣了800多年，这两个王朝是七世纪伊斯兰征服前统治古代近东的最后两个王朝。1928年至29年，由德国东方学会（Deutsche Orient Gesellschaft）赞助的一支探险队在克特西丰地区进行了系统的挖掘。1931-32年，大都会艺术博物馆和柏林国家美术馆进行了一次为期一季的联合探险。进行了几次挖掘，包括在主宫殿（Taq-i Kisra）、Tell Dheheb宫殿南部的一个小设防区、Ma’aridh土堆的多栋房屋，以及一个名为Umm ez-Za'tir的小土堆的额外房屋 Ctesiphon地区最著名的是萨珊国王Khusrau一世（公元531–79年在位）建造的王宫。它的接待大厅被命名为Taq-i Kisra（"Khusrau的王座"），以其84英尺（26米）高的抛物线形桶形拱顶而闻名。宫殿不仅仅是接待厅，宫殿建筑群包括许多建筑。Ctesiphon远征队在接待大厅附近挖掘，南面是一座用作宫殿或宗教建筑的大型建筑，西面是一座有多处水景的建筑群。这座宫殿建筑群以其精致的灰泥浮雕、马赛克装饰以及丝绸地毯和宝石等奢华装饰而闻名于当代文献。在Taq-i Kisra以西约230英尺（70米）的一个小土堆上进行的挖掘揭示了一座大型建筑内的几个供水设施，包括水道、粘土管、一口井和一个可能的矩形水池。该建筑的萨珊阶因后来的伊斯兰建筑而受损，难以解读。挖掘人员提出，这座建筑的功能是作为皇家澡堂。后来的解释表明，这可能是一座仪式性建筑，因为水在琐罗亚斯德教的萨珊王朝宫廷宗教中具有宗教意义。
介绍（英）	Made of bronze, this small ear spoon has a thin handle. It is undecorated except for two small rings flanking a bulb near the bowl. It was excavated at the Taq-i Kisra bath in the Ctesiphon area. The city of Ctesiphon was located on the east bank of the Tigris River, 20 miles (32 km) south of modern Baghdad in Iraq. It flourished for more than 800 years as the capital of the Parthians and the Sasanians, the last two dynasties to rule the ancient Near East before the Islamic conquest in the seventh century. Systematic excavations in the Ctesiphon area were undertaken by an expedition in 1928–29 sponsored by the German Oriental Society (Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft). The Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Staatliche Museen, Berlin, undertook a joint expedition for one season in 1931–32. Several excavations were conducted, including at the main palace (Taq-i Kisra), in a small fortified area south of the palace at Tell Dheheb, at multiple houses at the mounds of Ma’aridh, and at additional houses at a small mound called Umm ez-Za’tir. The Ctesiphon area is most famous for the royal palace built by the Sasanian king Khusrau I (r. 531–79). Named Taq-i Kisra ("Throne of Khusrau") its reception hall is known for its 84 foot (26m) high parabolic barrel vault. The palace was more than just the reception hall and the palace complex included numerous buildings. The Ctesiphon Expedition excavated near the reception hall, to the south at a large building used as a palace, or a religious building, and to the west at a complex with several water features. The palace complex was famous in contemporary texts for its elaborate stucco reliefs, mosaic decorations and lavish decorations such as silk carpets and precious stones. Excavations on a small mound approximately 230 feet (70 m) to the west of the Taq-i Kisra revealed several water installations inside a large building including water channels, clay pipes, a well, and a possible rectangular pool. The Sasanian levels of the building were damaged by later Islamic construction making interpretation difficult. The excavators proposed that this building functioned as a royal bath house. Later interpretations have suggested that this may be a ritual building due the religious significance of water in the Sasanian court religion of Zoroastrianism.