托盘（塔拉姆） - 美国大都会艺术博物馆展品查阅

品名（中）	托盘（塔拉姆）
品名（英）	Offering tray (talam)
入馆年号	2017年，2017.61.2
策展部门	亚洲艺术（Asian Art）
创作者
创作年份	公元 1100 - 公元 1399
创作地区
分类	金属制品（Metalwork）
尺寸	高 1 英寸 (2.5 厘米); 直径 18 3/16 英寸 (46.2 厘米)
介绍（中）	在中世纪的爪哇印度教仪式中，大型金属祭祀托盘经常被用来准备仪式用具和用具。古爪哇语中使用的术语是tahas，在现代爪哇语和印度尼西亚语中称为talam。这两个变体术语都可以来源于泰米尔语中同一器具，tattam。在过去的十年中，这种类型的零碎青铜托盘以及其他金属寺庙器皿从10世纪中叶的爪哇海沉船中挖掘出来，证实了它们的古老性。中爪哇（8至10世纪）的传统和仪式实践在接下来的几个世纪中在东爪哇的印度教 - 佛教中心得到了广泛的保留，直到15世纪伊斯兰教的到来。该供品托盘具有直立的边缘和雕刻设计，仅限于中央奖章。中心图案是从树叶地面出现的海螺壳（sankha）。这个中心主题的框架是三条带有锯齿状中央带的简单装饰带，可能代表太阳的光线。海螺壳装置在印度教爪哇环境中被广泛使用，与毗湿奴的崇拜有关，许多满者伯夷王国统治者（12-15世纪）与毗湿奴密切相关。
介绍（英）	In medieval Javanese Hindu ritual, large metal offering trays were regularly employed for the preparation of ritual utensils and paraphernalia. The term used in Old Javanese is tahas, and they are referred to in modern Javanese and Indonesian as talam. Both variant terms can be sourced to the Tamil word for the same utensil, tattam. Fragmentary bronze trays of this type, together with other metal temple utensils, have been excavated from a mid-10th century shipwreck in the Java Sea in the past decade, affirming their antiquity. The traditions and ritual practices of Central Java (8th to 10th century) were largely preserved in the following centuries in the Hindu-Buddhist centres of East Java, up to the coming of Islam in the 15th century. This offering tray has an upright rim and engraved designs limited to a central medallion. The central motif is a conch shell (sankha) emerging from a foliate ground. Framing this central motif are three bands of simple decoration with the serrated central band, likely representing the rays of the sun. The conch shell device was widely invoked in Hindu Javanese settings associated with the worship of Vishnu, with whom a number of Majapahit kingdom rulers (12th–15th centuries) closely associated themselves.